Yes, but only if you must have either a non-immigrant working visa or, in the alternative, an employment authorization card.
If you have a non-immigrant visa that does not allow you to work in the United States, you may still be eligible to get permission to work if you have a particular skill that a prospective employer desires. It is not easy, but an immigration lawyer would be able to assist you or your prospective employer to obtain permission.
If you are a foreign student with an "F" or "M" visa you must ask your school's foreign student advisor about permission to work.