It is my understanding that there are 2 types of processes for applying. Is that correct?
Asylum can be filed in one of two ways: (1) an affirmative application (the more common of the two) by someone who has NOT been apprehended by the INS or (2) a defensive application by someone who the INS has begun deportation/removal proceedings.
Regarding item (1), an affirmative asylum application (Form I-589) is filed with the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) and mailed, along with supporting documents and affidavits, to the INS Regional Service Center for the area where you live (see listing below). You will be contacted by the office and scheduled for an interview with an INS asylum officer. With item (2), a defensive asylum application (Form I-589) is filed with the immigration judge who has been assigned your case.